world explorations stockholm fortissio lungo

WORLD EXPLORATIONS STOCKHOLM FORTISSIO LUNGO FULL

Earth turns a full 360 degrees relative to the sun each day. Longitude was more difficult to measure accurately because it requires precise knowledge of the time difference between points on the surface of the earth. Navigators had been able to work out latitude accurately for centuries by measuring the angle of the sun or a star above the horizon with an instrument such as a backstaff or quadrant. To create accurate maps, latitude and longitude need to be known. Cook's second expedition included the artist William Hodges, who produced notable landscape paintings of Tahiti, Easter Island, and other locations. Sydney Parkinson completed 264 drawings before his death near the end of the first voyage these were of immense scientific value to British botanists. Banks became one of the strongest promoters of the settlement of Australia by the British, based on his own personal observations. Two botanists went on the first voyage, Englishman Joseph Banks and Swedish Daniel Solander, between them collecting over 3,000 plant species. Ĭook was accompanied by many scientists, whose observations and discoveries added to the importance of the voyages. He also theorised that Polynesians originated from Asia, which was later proved to be correct by scientist Bryan Sykes. In New Zealand the coming of Cook is often used to signify the onset of colonization. He correctly concluded there was a relationship among all the people in the Pacific, despite their being separated by thousands of miles of ocean (see Malayo-Polynesian languages). Ĭook was the first European to have extensive contact with various people of the Pacific. He made great contributions to European knowledge of the area, and his more accurate navigational charting of large areas of the ocean was a major achievement.Ĭook made three voyages to the Pacific, including the first European contact with the eastern coastline of Australia and the Hawaiian Islands (although oral tradition seems to point towards a far earlier Spanish expedition having achieved the latter), as well as the first recorded circumnavigation of New Zealand. The route of Cook's crew following his death is shown as a dashed blue line.īritish explorer James Cook, who had been the first to map the North Atlantic island of Newfoundland, spent a dozen years in the Pacific Ocean. The first voyage is shown in red, second voyage in green, and third voyage in blue. History James Cook's Pacific Ocean exploration (1768–1779) The routes of Captain James Cook's voyages. Finally, Antarctica's interior was explored, with the North and South Poles reached in the 20th century. Australia's and Africa's deep interiors were not explored by Europeans until the mid- to late 19th and early 20th centuries, due to a lack of trade potential, and to serious problems with contagious tropical diseases in sub-Saharan Africa's case. The centers of the Americas had been reached by the mid-16th century, although there were unexplored areas until the 18th and 19th centuries. In the later 18th century, the Pacific became a focus of renewed interest, with Spanish expeditions, followed by Northern European ones, reaching the coasts of northern British Columbia and Alaska. Eighteenth-century British explorer James Cook mapped much of Polynesia and traveled as far north as Alaska and as far south as the Antarctic Circle. European naval exploration mapped the western and northern coasts of Australia, but the east coast had to wait for over a century. Luis Vaez de Torres chartered the coasts of New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, and discovered the strait that bears his name. Spanish expeditions from Peru explored the South Pacific and discovered archipelagos such as Vanuatu and the Pitcairn Islands. In the 17th century, Dutch explorers such as Willem Jansz and Abel Tasman explored the coasts of Australia. By the early seventeenth century, vessels were sufficiently well built and their navigators competent enough to travel to virtually anywhere on the planet by sea.

Major explorations of Earth continued after the Age of Discovery.

World explorations stockholm fortissio lungo